Dynamo-electric machine



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. E. FREEMAN.

DYNAMU BLBGTRIG MACHINE.

(No Model.)

Patented June 29 n??? @hw (No Model.) v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. E. FREEMAN.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 344,801. Patented June 29, 1886.

`UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VALLAGE E. FREEMAN, OF ASTORIA, NEV YORK.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

PECIEECATEON forming part of Letters Patent No. 344,801, dated Jane 29, 1886.

(No model.)

To @ZZ IIJ/wm, t may concern:

Beit known that LWALLACE E. FREEMAN, of Astoria, in Queens county and the State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Dynamo-Electric Machines,of which the following is a specification.

l will describe a dynamo-electric machine embodying my improvement, and then point out the various novel features in the claims.

The accompanying drawings illustrate a dynamo-electric machine embodying my improvement.

Figure l is a plan ofthe machine, a portion being in section, and showing circuits for incandescent and are lighting. Fig. 2 is an end view of the machine. side view of one of the brushholdcrs. Fig. L is a transverse section, taken at e e, Fig. 3, of this brush-holder. Fig. 5 is a side View of a portion of the brush-holder. Fig. 6 is a plan, part-ly in section, of the armature and commutator cylinders or wheels. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the armature,takeu at x x, Fig. 6. Fig. Sis a transverse section of the commutator at y y, Ii'ig. 6. Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 are diagrams illustrating the method of winding the armature at successive stages according to my improvement.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

A A` designate the field-magnets of the machine. Eachhas a cylindric core, a, made of cast-iron, and a bar, c, formed integral therewith, the latter being at right angles tothe core from which it extends. The bar a of each core a extends over to the adjacent end of the other core a., and is secured to the latter by a screw, aentering a tapped hole with which it is provided. The cores a of these field-magnets have coils of wire a. wound thereon in the ordinary or any other suitable manner. rlhe coils ofthe two cores are at one end connected together. rlhe wire marked c" shows this connection. The other cud of the coils of 4wire a of the magnet A extends to a binding-screw, a5, extending from a brushholder, B. The corresponding end of t-he coils a of the magnet A2 is connected with a binding-screw, a6, which is fastened to the 5o bar a of the magnet A, but is insulated therefrom. As here shown, a circuit-wire, C, ex

Fig. 3 is a sectionalv tends from the binding-screw a A wire, c, extends from a binding-screw, el, which is mounted upon a brush-holder, B2, to a binding-screw, am. The binding-screw al is inserted in the bar a of the magnet A2, but is insulated therefrom. A circuit-wire,extends from the binding-screw al. rlEhe circuit-wires C G are joined together so as to form a circuit in which are included a number of voltaic arclamps,D. From the bindingscrew c. a wire, as, extends to the support of a switch-arm, a". rlhe support of this switch-arm is mounted on the bar a of the magnet A, but is insulated therefrom. This switch-arm is capable of being swung over onto a metallic rest, a,which is mounted on the bar a of the magnet Ai, but is insulated therefrom. A wire, a, extends from the switch-arm rest cw to the wire an. Vhen a circuit such as the circuit C C is Vto be used, the switch-arm a." is swung off the rest al",- but when no such circuit is to be used this switclrarm may be swung onto its said rest. A wire, E, is shown as extending from the binding-screw el of the brush-holder B2, and a wire, E', extends from the bindingscrew ai of the brush-holder B. These wires form a circuit in which incandescent lamps F are connected so as to be in multiplearc circuit.

G designates the armature of thermachinc. Itis of cylindric form, and itsj'ournals have bearings provided in the bars a of the magnets A A?. The bearings are lined with Babbitt metal and the journals are insulated from the bars a. rlhe bars c of the magnets A A2 have feet c cast with them to form supports for the machine.

The brush-holders B B2 are supported by standards arranged on the bars ce or' the mag nets A A2 of the machine. They severally consist of a rod, I), extending into one of the standards, a sleeve, b', fitting upon the rod Z), and a screw, Zr. The rod b is insulated from its standard by a bushing of insulating material. on the end of the rod Z1 that extends through the standard secures the rod thereto. The rod slots, b". of sheet metal, as usual.

A nut engaging with a screw-thread the slots In* of the sleeves b. of the holders B B2, and across the grooves b3 of the rod b. The screws b2 extend through the sleeves b' opposite the grooves b3 in the rods b, and serve to clamp the brushes in position. The brushes may after these screws are loosened .bey adjusted longitudinally; or they and the sleeves of the holders may be rocked on the rodsinto any desired positions. After the parts have been adjusted they may be secured again by the screws. The armature Ghas a metal shaft, g. Alixed to this shaft are metal disks or heads g'. A metal shell, g2, surrounds and is secured to these disks. This shell has a longitudinal slot, g3. Around the shell g2 are coi1ed,side by side, strips g* g5, of non-magnetic material and sheet-iron. These strips of each pair are coiled together around the shell, the iron strip of each pair being outermost. The several pairs of strips g4 g5 are separated by washers of insulating material located between their edges. The outer coil of the sheet-iron strip of each pair of strips g4g5 has made in it at intervals incisions of such shape that the intermediate portions may be bent outwardly to form radial lugs g, These radial lugs are in line, and form ribs between which insulated wire is coiled or wound.

y Before describing the winding of wire I will explain the commutator-wheels H, thatare af fixed to the armature-shaft. Each has a metal head, h, from which extends a sleeve, h, which snugly surrounds the armature-shaft. A head, h, is fitted upon the sleeve 7L', and secured in position by a nut, h, engaging with4 a screwthread on the sleeve. Between the heads h h2 metal bars h4 are secured, strips of insulating material being arranged between them, and washers of insulating material being placed between their ends and the said heads.

The inner ends of the bars h4 have formed on theni lugs h5, which form -flaring extensions of the inner ends of the wheels.

The ribs which are formed by the radial lugs `qdivide thebody of the armature, formed as described, into a number of coils. Each spacing between the two adjacent ribs has a corresponding space diametrically opposite to it. The armaturek inthe machine which I have shown will preferably have. twenty of these sections.

I will now describe the manner in which the insulated wire is wound or coiled upon the body of the armature. This may be best understood by reference to Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, Figs. 9 and 11 being end views of an armature, which I have shown as having but four sections, c k k2 7c3, in order to simplify it and facilitate an understanding of the winding, and Figs. 10, 12, and 13 are developed plans, or, in other words, represent the exterior of the body of this armature extended out in a straight fiat plane.

By reference to Fig. 10 the winding of the rst coil of wire may be clearly understood. lrepresents one of its ends, from which the wire is wound or coiled back and forth any desired .number of times (for instance, three times) through one of the sections, r, anda. diametrically-opposite section, k2. Its end Z extends'from the same section, k, as its other end, Z. Next a coil of wire is similarly wound through the sections 7c' k3 of the armature-body, the ends of the coil being extended from bot-h sections 7c', but at opposite ends of the armature-body, in the same manner as the ends of the coil first mentioned. Another coil is now wound in the same manner over sections 7c k2. The ends of this coi1,instead of being extended from the sections k, are extended from the section k2. A coil is now Wound, in the same manner as before, over sections k k3, except that the ends of this coil are extended from the section 7c3, instead of from section lr. This completes the iirst winding of wire.

The manner in. which the coils are wound over diametrically-opposite sections may be clearly seen by lreference to Fig. 9, where a single coil only is represented.

' In Fig. 11 the armature-body is shown as having all the coils wound upon it, but in order to avoid confusion portions of some of the coils are broken away or removed. Fig. 12 also represents the armature-body as cornpletelywound. In this figure, as well asin Figs. 9 and 10, I have designated the ends of the coils Z l', m iii/,1n n', and o o. In this figure the short heavy lines represent the ribs formed ofthe lugs g, and the intermediate finevlines parallel therewith represent the coils of wire.

What I term as the second winding77 may be best understood by reference to Fig. 13. I have not in this gure attempted to represent the first winding, for fear of confusion, except that I have indicated by short heavy lines (marked, respectively, l l', m on. nn', o 0') the ends of the. coils forming what I have termed the first winding and previously described. Connected to the end o of one of the rst coils of winding is a wire, o2, which is wound around the sections 7ck3 of the armature-body. It will be seen that the end o of said coil in the rst winding extends from the section 7c* of the armature-body. The coil of wire o'z has formed in it a loop, o3, at one end of the section 7c', and from the loop a wire, p, extends to one of the bars h'L of the adjacent commutatonwheel H. The end of the wire o2, after being looped, is fastened to the end n of one of the coilsot` wire of the rst winding, said end n extending from the section k2. At the junction of the end o and the wire o2 is formed a loop whence a wire, p, extends to one of the bars h4 of the adjacent commutatorwheel H. From the end n of the next coil vof the rst winding a wire, n2, extends. This wire n is extended rst along the section 7c of the armature-body. At the end of this section it has formed in it aloop, n, from which a wire, p, is extended to one of the bars h4 of the adjacent commutator-wheel. Beyond this loop n3 the wire a2 is coiled around the sections 7c2 7c. In the last convolution at the end of the section k2 it has formed in it a loop, n4,

ICO

whence extends a wire, p, to a bar h" of an adjacent commutator wheel. Beyond this loop this wire n is extended around section Zt, and is secured to the end m of the coil m m in the first winding, said end m being extended from the section k. I have only shown two coils of the second winding. The rest I omit to avoid confusion. From the end m of the coil m m' in the first winding a wire extends in the same manner as from the end o ofthe coil o o in the first winding,and this wire that extends from the endm is wound around the armature-body in the same way as the wire o`,itslast end being connected to the end Z of the coil Z Z in the first winding. From the end Z of the coil Z Z in the iirst winding a wire extends and is wound around the body of the armature precisely like the coil a2, the last end of this coil being connected to the end o of the coil o o in the first winding. There will be loops formed in the two coils of the second winding, which I have omitted to show, exactly iu the same manner as loops are formed with the coils o`l n2, and from such loops wires will extend to bars h1 of the commutator-wheels. The wires p extend to the bars 7L* of the commutator-wheels, which are opposite or in line with the sections of the armature-body whence said wires p extend.

The winding which I have described is but a singlclayer as I term it. If I desire, I may superpose upon this layer a similar layer or any desired number of similar layers. Each layer will be composed of a first and second winding, such as I have described. There will not need to be any connection between the several layers,except that corresponding loops extending from two or more layers may be connected with single wires p, extending to the commutator-wheels. I have illustrated in Fior. 6 loops of two layers connected together and with the bars Zi4 of the commutatorwheels by single wires p, although I have not in this ligure shown any part ofthe windings, except the loops. The wire wound upon the arinaturebody, as described, may be bound tightly around the body at intervals by tiewires q, for the purpose of preserving the cylindrical forni of the armature. The fieldmagnets A AL are shown as provided with extended polepieces adjacent to the armature.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A dynamoelectric machine having tieldmagnet cores each provided with a transverse bar extending to the other core and connected with the latter, substantially as specified.

2. A dynamo-electric machine having fieldmagnet cores cach provided with a transverse bar extending to the other core and furnished with supporting-feet,substantiall y as specified.

3. A dynamo-electric machine having fieldinagnet cores each provided with a transverse bar extending to the other core and furnished with a .bearing for the armature-shaft, substantially as specified.

et. A dynamo-eleetriemachine brush-holder consisting in the combination of a circumferential grooved rod, a sleeve iitted to the rod outside its groove, and a screw or fastening device, substantially as speciiied.

5. A dynamo-electric machine having an armature whose body comprises strips of nonmagnetic material and iron wound together in pairs in cenvolute coils, the outermost coil having incisions atintervals, and the intermediate portions bent outwardly, forming longitudinal ribs on the armature-body, substair tially as specified.

6. A dynamo-electricI machine having an armature-body wound with wire in indcpendent layers, said layers being connected with commutator-wheels in multiple arc, so that any accident to one layer will not incapacitate the other layer or layers, substantially as specified.

7. In a dynamo-electric machine, the coinbination of an armature having wire wound upon it in independent layers connected in multiple arc,two commutator-wheels arranged on the armatureshaft at the end ofthe armature-body and connections between the wire on the armature and the eommutator bars or plates, each set of coils of the wire on the armature being thus connected to both coninintators, substantially as specified.

VALLACE E. FREEMAN.

Vi tnesses:

G'no. VADMAN, Giras. T. WARD. 

